NewLang/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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| /g/ | | /g/ | ||
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| ''k'' | | ''k'' or ''c'' | ||
| /k/ | | /k/ | ||
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===Syllable Shape=== | ===Syllable Shape=== | ||
Syllables are (C)V(C) | Syllables are (C)V(C) | ||
===Syllable Weight=== | ===Syllable Weight=== | ||
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===Vowel Rules=== | ===Vowel Rules=== | ||
* Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - '' ' '' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written. | * Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - '' ' '' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written. | ||
* In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: ''a'' followed by '' | * In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: ''a'' followed by ''ay'' will have a '' ' '' inserted between them: ''a'ay''. So would the sequence of ''ya'' and ''a'': ''ya'a''. | ||
* '' ' '' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable. | * '' ' '' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable. | ||
===Misc. Rules=== | ===Misc. Rules=== | ||
* | * The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/: | ||
** word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə]) | |||
** between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ] | |||
** word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ] | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
| Line 201: | Line 204: | ||
====Prosodic Foot==== | ====Prosodic Foot==== | ||
The primary prosodic foot is an | The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes: | ||
* In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape. | * In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape. | ||
* Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable. | * Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable. | ||
== | ==Romanization Notes== | ||
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations | The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations | ||
* '' ' ' | * I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons. | ||
* The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better. | |||
* /k/ is represented by ''c'' at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better. | |||
Latest revision as of 15:11, 15 September 2019
Phonology Inventory
Consonants
Stops
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| b | /b/ |
| p | /p/ |
| d | /d/ |
| t | /t/ |
| g | /g/ |
| k or c | /k/ |
| ' | /ʔ/ |
Affricates
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| dz | /d͡z/ |
| ts | /t͡s/ |
Fricatives
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| v | /v/ |
| f | /f/ |
| z | /z/ |
| s | /s/ |
| lz | /ɮ/ |
| lh | /ɬ/ |
| zh | /ʒ/ |
| sh | /ʃ/ |
| x | /x/ |
Nasals
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| m | /m/ |
| n | /n/ |
Liquid/Tap
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| l | /l/ |
| r | /ɾ/ |
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| i | /i/ |
| u | /u/ |
| e | /e/ |
| o | /o/ |
| a | /ɑ/ |
| ' | /ə/ |
Long Vowels
There are three vowels for which length can be phonemic.
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| ii | /i:/ |
| uu | /u:/ |
| aa | /ɑ:/ |
Diphthongs
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| ya | /ja/ |
| ay | /aɪ/ |
| wa | /wa/ |
| au | /aʊ/ |
Phonotactics
Syllable Shape
Syllables are (C)V(C)
Syllable Weight
Syllables can either be light or heavy.
(C)V syllables are:
- ...light when V is a monopthong of medium length.
- ...heavy when V is a long vowel or a diphthong.
(C)VC syllables are:
- ...light if the nucleus is ' .
- ...heavy otherwise.
Consonant Rules
Consonant Clusters
- Consonant clusters only occur word-medial.
- In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created of different voice quality, the second consonant takes on the voice of the first.
Vowel Rules
- Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - ' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written.
- In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: a followed by ay will have a ' inserted between them: a'ay. So would the sequence of ya and a: ya'a.
- ' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable.
Misc. Rules
- The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/:
- word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə])
- between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ]
- word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ]
Prosody
Stress
Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations. Ed. note: this feature may change as the conlang is developed.
Prosodic Foot
The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes:
- In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape.
- Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable.
Romanization Notes
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations
- I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons.
- The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better.
- /k/ is represented by c at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better.
