NewLang/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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===Consonants===
===Consonants===
====Stops====
====Stops====
{| class="wikitable_center"   
{| class="wikitable tc"   
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
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| /g/
| /g/
|-
|-
| ''k''  
| ''k'' or ''c''  
| /k/
| /k/
|-
|-
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====Affricates====
====Affricates====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
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====Fricatives====
====Fricatives====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
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====Nasals====
====Nasals====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
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====Liquid/Tap====
====Liquid/Tap====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
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====Monophthongs====
====Monophthongs====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
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|}
|}


====Diphthongs====
=====Long Vowels=====
=====Rising=====
There are three vowels for which length can be phonemic.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
! IPA
! IPA
|-
|-
| ''ja''
| ''ii''
| /ja/
| /i:/
|-
| ''ju''
| /ju/
|-
|-
| ''wa''
| ''uu''
| /wa/
| /u:/
|-
|-
| ''wi''
| ''aa''
| /wi/
| /ɑ:/
|}
|}


=====Falling=====
====Diphthongs====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
! IPA
! IPA
|-
|-
| ''aj''
| ''ya''
| /aj/
| /ja/
|-
| ''ay''
| /aɪ/
|-
| ''wa''
| /wa/
|-
|-
| ''aw''
| ''au''
| /aw/
| /aʊ/
|}
|}


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===Syllable Shape===
===Syllable Shape===
Syllables are (C)V(C). However, CVC only appears word finally (except in loanwords).
Syllables are (C)V(C)
 
===Syllable Weight===
 
Syllables can either be light or heavy.
 
(C)V syllables are:
* ...light when V is a monopthong of medium length.
* ...heavy when V is a long vowel or a diphthong.
 
(C)VC syllables are:
* ...light if the nucleus is '' ' ''.
* ...heavy otherwise.


===Consonant Rules===
===Consonant Rules===
* '' ' '' only appears word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus, where it is pronounced as the vowel /ə/) or between two vowels (as an onset, where it is pronounced /ʔ/).
* Intervocalic obstruents are voiced (and are written as such). The only exception is in loanwords.


====Consonant Clusters====
====Consonant Clusters====
* Consonant clusters only occur in loanwords and even then never occur word finally.
* Consonant clusters only occur word-medial.  
* Word-medial consonant clusters are always modified so that all consonants are voiced.  
* In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created of different voice quality, the second consonant takes on the voice of the first.
* In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created, '' ' '' is inserted to break up the cluster.


===Vowel Rules===
===Vowel Rules===
* Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - '' ' '' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundries, the sound is often inserted, but never written. Vowel hiatus ''is'' allowed between identical diphthongs.
* Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - '' ' '' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written.  
* In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong followed by a monophthong that is identical to the final sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel.
* In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: ''a'' followed by ''ay'' will have a '' ' '' inserted between them: ''a'ay''. So would the sequence of ''ya'' and ''a'': ''ya'a''.
* In morphological operations, if identical vowels are put in sequence, '' ' '' is inserted to break up the hiatus.
* '' ' '' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable.
* '' ' '' never appears in a stressed syllable.
 
===Misc. Rules===
* The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/:
** word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə])
** between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ]
** word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ]


===Stress===
===Prosody===
Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations.
====Stress====
Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations. ''Ed. note: this feature may change as the conlang is developed''.


===Diphthong Reduplication===
====Prosodic Foot====
When reduplication of a vowel is called for by a morphological operation, only the main vowel is reduplicated, not the semi-vowel.
The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes:
* In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape.
* Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable.


==Orthography Notes==
==Romanization Notes==
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations.
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations


* '' ' '' appears at the beginning of words that are proper nouns - it is not pronounced in any way. This is the only time it should appear at the beginning of a word.
* I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons.
* The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better.
* /k/ is represented by ''c'' at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better.

Latest revision as of 15:11, 15 September 2019

Phonology Inventory

Consonants

Stops

Rom. IPA
b /b/
p /p/
d /d/
t /t/
g /g/
k or c /k/
' /ʔ/

Affricates

Rom. IPA
dz /d͡z/
ts /t͡s/

Fricatives

Rom. IPA
v /v/
f /f/
z /z/
s /s/
lz /ɮ/
lh /ɬ/
zh /ʒ/
sh /ʃ/
x /x/

Nasals

Rom. IPA
m /m/
n /n/

Liquid/Tap

Rom. IPA
l /l/
r /ɾ/

Vowels

Monophthongs

Rom. IPA
i /i/
u /u/
e /e/
o /o/
a /ɑ/
' /ə/
Long Vowels

There are three vowels for which length can be phonemic.

Rom. IPA
ii /i:/
uu /u:/
aa /ɑ:/

Diphthongs

Rom. IPA
ya /ja/
ay /aɪ/
wa /wa/
au /aʊ/

Phonotactics

Syllable Shape

Syllables are (C)V(C)

Syllable Weight

Syllables can either be light or heavy.

(C)V syllables are:

  • ...light when V is a monopthong of medium length.
  • ...heavy when V is a long vowel or a diphthong.

(C)VC syllables are:

  • ...light if the nucleus is ' .
  • ...heavy otherwise.

Consonant Rules

Consonant Clusters

  • Consonant clusters only occur word-medial.
  • In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created of different voice quality, the second consonant takes on the voice of the first.

Vowel Rules

  • Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - ' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written.
  • In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: a followed by ay will have a ' inserted between them: a'ay. So would the sequence of ya and a: ya'a.
  • ' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable.

Misc. Rules

  • The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/:
    • word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə])
    • between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ]
    • word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ]

Prosody

Stress

Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations. Ed. note: this feature may change as the conlang is developed.

Prosodic Foot

The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes:

  • In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape.
  • Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable.

Romanization Notes

The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations

  • I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons.
  • The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better.
  • /k/ is represented by c at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better.
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