NewLang/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
====Stops==== | ====Stops==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
| /g/ | | /g/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''k'' | | ''k'' or ''c'' | ||
| /k/ | | /k/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
====Affricates==== | ====Affricates==== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
====Fricatives==== | ====Fricatives==== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
====Nasals==== | ====Nasals==== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
====Liquid/Tap==== | ====Liquid/Tap==== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
| Line 104: | Line 104: | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
==== | ====Monophthongs==== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
| Line 129: | Line 129: | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== | =====Long Vowels===== | ||
There are three vowels for which length can be phonemic. | |||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''ii'' | ||
| / | | /i:/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''uu'' | ||
| / | | /u:/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''aa'' | ||
| / | | /ɑ:/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== | ====Diphthongs==== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable tc" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Rom. | ! Rom. | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''ya'' | ||
| / | | /ja/ | ||
|- | |||
| ''ay'' | |||
| /aɪ/ | |||
|- | |||
| ''wa'' | |||
| /wa/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''au'' | ||
| / | | /aʊ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 165: | Line 168: | ||
===Syllable Shape=== | ===Syllable Shape=== | ||
Syllables are (C)V(C). | Syllables are (C)V(C) | ||
===Syllable Weight=== | |||
Syllables can either be light or heavy. | |||
(C)V syllables are: | |||
* ...light when V is a monopthong of medium length. | |||
* ...heavy when V is a long vowel or a diphthong. | |||
(C)VC syllables are: | |||
* ...light if the nucleus is '' ' ''. | |||
* ...heavy otherwise. | |||
===Consonant Rules=== | |||
====Consonant Clusters==== | |||
* Consonant clusters only occur word-medial. | |||
* In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created of different voice quality, the second consonant takes on the voice of the first. | |||
===Vowel Rules=== | |||
* Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - '' ' '' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written. | |||
* In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: ''a'' followed by ''ay'' will have a '' ' '' inserted between them: ''a'ay''. So would the sequence of ''ya'' and ''a'': ''ya'a''. | |||
* '' ' '' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable. | |||
===Misc. Rules=== | |||
* The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/: | |||
** word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə]) | |||
** between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ] | |||
** word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ] | |||
===Prosody=== | |||
====Stress==== | |||
Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations. ''Ed. note: this feature may change as the conlang is developed''. | |||
====Prosodic Foot==== | |||
The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes: | |||
* In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape. | |||
* Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable. | |||
==Romanization Notes== | |||
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations | |||
* I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons. | |||
* The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better. | |||
* /k/ is represented by ''c'' at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better. | |||
Latest revision as of 15:11, 15 September 2019
Phonology Inventory
Consonants
Stops
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| b | /b/ |
| p | /p/ |
| d | /d/ |
| t | /t/ |
| g | /g/ |
| k or c | /k/ |
| ' | /ʔ/ |
Affricates
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| dz | /d͡z/ |
| ts | /t͡s/ |
Fricatives
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| v | /v/ |
| f | /f/ |
| z | /z/ |
| s | /s/ |
| lz | /ɮ/ |
| lh | /ɬ/ |
| zh | /ʒ/ |
| sh | /ʃ/ |
| x | /x/ |
Nasals
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| m | /m/ |
| n | /n/ |
Liquid/Tap
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| l | /l/ |
| r | /ɾ/ |
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| i | /i/ |
| u | /u/ |
| e | /e/ |
| o | /o/ |
| a | /ɑ/ |
| ' | /ə/ |
Long Vowels
There are three vowels for which length can be phonemic.
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| ii | /i:/ |
| uu | /u:/ |
| aa | /ɑ:/ |
Diphthongs
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| ya | /ja/ |
| ay | /aɪ/ |
| wa | /wa/ |
| au | /aʊ/ |
Phonotactics
Syllable Shape
Syllables are (C)V(C)
Syllable Weight
Syllables can either be light or heavy.
(C)V syllables are:
- ...light when V is a monopthong of medium length.
- ...heavy when V is a long vowel or a diphthong.
(C)VC syllables are:
- ...light if the nucleus is ' .
- ...heavy otherwise.
Consonant Rules
Consonant Clusters
- Consonant clusters only occur word-medial.
- In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created of different voice quality, the second consonant takes on the voice of the first.
Vowel Rules
- Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - ' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written.
- In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: a followed by ay will have a ' inserted between them: a'ay. So would the sequence of ya and a: ya'a.
- ' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable.
Misc. Rules
- The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/:
- word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə])
- between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ]
- word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ]
Prosody
Stress
Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations. Ed. note: this feature may change as the conlang is developed.
Prosodic Foot
The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes:
- In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape.
- Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable.
Romanization Notes
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations
- I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons.
- The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better.
- /k/ is represented by c at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better.
