NewLang/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology Inventory==
==Phonology Inventory==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
====Stops====
{| class="wikitable tc"
|-
|-
! Rom.
! Rom.
! IPA
! IPA
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Stops'''
|-
|-
| ''b''  
| ''b''  
Line 23: Line 22:
| /g/
| /g/
|-
|-
| ''k''  
| ''k'' or ''c''  
| /k/
| /k/
|-
|-
| '''''  
| '' ' ''  
| /ʔ/
| /ʔ/
|}
====Affricates====
{| class="wikitable tc"
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Affricates'''
! Rom.
! IPA
|-
|-
| ''dz''  
| ''dz''  
Line 36: Line 40:
| ''ts''  
| ''ts''  
| /t͡s/
| /t͡s/
|-
|}
| colspan="2" | '''Fricatives'''
 
====Fricatives====
{| class="wikitable tc"  
|-
! Rom.
! IPA
|-
|-
| ''v''  
| ''v''  
Line 65: Line 74:
| ''x''  
| ''x''  
| /x/
| /x/
|}
====Nasals====
{| class="wikitable tc"
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Nasals'''
! Rom.
! IPA
|-
|-
| ''m''  
| ''m''  
Line 73: Line 87:
| ''n''  
| ''n''  
| /n/
| /n/
|}
====Liquid/Tap====
{| class="wikitable tc"
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Liquid/Tap'''
! Rom.
! IPA
|-
|-
| ''l''  
| ''l''  
Line 81: Line 100:
| ''r''  
| ''r''  
| /ɾ/
| /ɾ/
|}
===Vowels===
====Monophthongs====
{| class="wikitable tc"
|-
! Rom.
! IPA
|-
| ''i''
| /i/
|-
| ''u''
| /u/
|-
| ''e''
| /e/
|-
| ''o''
| /o/
|-
| ''a''
| /ɑ/
|-
| '' ' ''
| /ə/
|}
=====Long Vowels=====
There are three vowels for which length can be phonemic.
{| class="wikitable tc"
|-
! Rom.
! IPA
|-
| ''ii''
| /i:/
|-
| ''uu''
| /u:/
|-
| ''aa''
| /ɑ:/
|}
====Diphthongs====
{| class="wikitable tc"
|-
! Rom.
! IPA
|-
| ''ya''
| /ja/
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Glide'''
| ''ay''
| /aɪ/
|-
|-
| ''j''  
| ''wa''
| /j/
| /wa/
|-
|-
| ''w''  
| ''au''
| /w/
| /aʊ/
|}
|}
==Phonotactics==
===Syllable Shape===
Syllables are (C)V(C)
===Syllable Weight===
Syllables can either be light or heavy.
(C)V syllables are:
* ...light when V is a monopthong of medium length.
* ...heavy when V is a long vowel or a diphthong.
(C)VC syllables are:
* ...light if the nucleus is '' ' ''.
* ...heavy otherwise.
===Consonant Rules===
====Consonant Clusters====
* Consonant clusters only occur word-medial.
* In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created of different voice quality, the second consonant takes on the voice of the first.
===Vowel Rules===
* Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - '' ' '' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written.
* In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: ''a'' followed by ''ay'' will have a '' ' '' inserted between them: ''a'ay''. So would the sequence of ''ya'' and ''a'': ''ya'a''.
* '' ' '' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable.
===Misc. Rules===
* The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/:
** word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə])
** between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ]
** word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ]
===Prosody===
====Stress====
Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations. ''Ed. note: this feature may change as the conlang is developed''.
====Prosodic Foot====
The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes:
* In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape.
* Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable.
==Romanization Notes==
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations
* I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons.
* The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better.
* /k/ is represented by ''c'' at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better.

Latest revision as of 15:11, 15 September 2019

Phonology Inventory

Consonants

Stops

Rom. IPA
b /b/
p /p/
d /d/
t /t/
g /g/
k or c /k/
' /ʔ/

Affricates

Rom. IPA
dz /d͡z/
ts /t͡s/

Fricatives

Rom. IPA
v /v/
f /f/
z /z/
s /s/
lz /ɮ/
lh /ɬ/
zh /ʒ/
sh /ʃ/
x /x/

Nasals

Rom. IPA
m /m/
n /n/

Liquid/Tap

Rom. IPA
l /l/
r /ɾ/

Vowels

Monophthongs

Rom. IPA
i /i/
u /u/
e /e/
o /o/
a /ɑ/
' /ə/
Long Vowels

There are three vowels for which length can be phonemic.

Rom. IPA
ii /i:/
uu /u:/
aa /ɑ:/

Diphthongs

Rom. IPA
ya /ja/
ay /aɪ/
wa /wa/
au /aʊ/

Phonotactics

Syllable Shape

Syllables are (C)V(C)

Syllable Weight

Syllables can either be light or heavy.

(C)V syllables are:

  • ...light when V is a monopthong of medium length.
  • ...heavy when V is a long vowel or a diphthong.

(C)VC syllables are:

  • ...light if the nucleus is ' .
  • ...heavy otherwise.

Consonant Rules

Consonant Clusters

  • Consonant clusters only occur word-medial.
  • In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created of different voice quality, the second consonant takes on the voice of the first.

Vowel Rules

  • Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - ' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundaries, the sound is often inserted, but never written.
  • In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong adjacent by a monophthong that is identical to the closest sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel for the previous rule. For example: a followed by ay will have a ' inserted between them: a'ay. So would the sequence of ya and a: ya'a.
  • ' as a vowel never appears in a stressed syllable.

Misc. Rules

  • The apostrophe only appears in the following environments and is pronounced differently depending on its location/:
    • word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus), it is pronounced as the vowel [ə])
    • between two vowels, as an onset, it is pronounced [ʔ]
    • word-initial as an onset, followed by a vowel, it is pronounced [ʔ]

Prosody

Stress

Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations. Ed. note: this feature may change as the conlang is developed.

Prosodic Foot

The primary prosodic foot is an trochee, that is, a heavy syllable followed by a light one. This has implications for word shapes:

  • In multisyllable words that are derived, inflected, and/or compounded, the word will end in a complete prosodic foot. Morphological operations will include adapting elements that ensure the shape.
  • Words that are bare stems (unaffixed, uncompounded, etc.) can end in any type of syllable.

Romanization Notes

The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations

  • I use digraphs for a few phonemes for aesthetic reasons.
  • The same for the use of the apostrophe for both the schwa and glottal stop - I like how that looks on the page better.
  • /k/ is represented by c at the end of a word - once again just because I like the way it looks better.
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